As Capital of Judah.

After the partition of the kingdom Jerusalem suffered many vicissitudes. It was taken by Shishak of Egypt at the time of Rehoboam of Judah (I Kings xiv. 25-26); and Jehoash of Israel destroyed 400 cubits of the wall from the Ephraim Gate to the corner gate (II Kings xiv. 13). It seems probable that the wall was repaired under Uzziah; at least, according to II Chron. xxvi. 9, he built towers over three of the gates. The Ophel wall was further repairedor enlarged by Jotham (ib. xxvii. 3); and a gate, called in Jer. xxxvi. 10 the "new gate," was built in the north wall of the Temple court (II Kings xv. 35). The coming of Sennacherib (701) caused the rebuilding of some portion of the wall which in the course of time had become ruined; but Sennacherib withdrew and Jerusalem was spared a siege (see Nagel, "Der Zug des Sanherib Gegen Jerusalem," Leipsic, 1902; and Jensen in "Theol. Lit. Zeitung," 1904, 4, col. 103). Hezekiah is mentioned as having done this repairing. He also rebuilt the Millo, and especially erected "another wall outside" (Isa. xxxii. 10; II Chron. xxxii. 5). This is probably Josephus' second wall, which "took its beginning from that gate which they called Genneth, which belonged to the first wall: it only encompassed the northern quarter of the city and reached as far as the tower Antonia," the northwest corner of the Temple mount ("B. J." l.c.). This indicates the growth of the city to the north; the additional part being called "Mishneh" ("second city"; II Kings xxii. 14; Zeph. i. 10). Whether the Maktesh (Zeph. i. 11), in which the Phenician traders lived, was a part of the city can not be ascertained (Neh. xiii. 16; Zech. xiv. 21).

Jerusalem